Which of the following lifestyle adjustments can help manage GERD symptoms?

Smoking cessation is a critical lifestyle adjustment for managing GERD symptoms because smoking contributes to the weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is a valve that helps keep stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus. When this valve is weakened by smoking, the likelihood of acid reflux increases, leading to symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Therefore, quitting smoking can significantly reduce GERD symptoms and improve overall digestive health.

In contrast, increasing caffeine intake, eating large meals before bed, and consuming more spicy foods can exacerbate GERD symptoms. Caffeine can relax the LES, leading to increased acid reflux, while large meals can put pressure on the stomach and promote reflux. Spicy foods may irritate the esophagus for some individuals, triggering symptoms. Thus, the correct answer highlights a beneficial lifestyle change that specifically addresses the underlying mechanisms of GERD.